The Conference Board Leading Economic Index (LEI) for the U.S. fell by 0.3 percent in January 2023 to 110.3 (2016=100), following a decline of 0.8 percent in December. The LEI is now down 3.6 percent over the six-month period between July 2022 and January 2023—a steeper rate of decline than its 2.4 percent contraction over the previous six-month period (January–July 2022).

"The US LEI remained on a downward trajectory, but its rate of decline moderated slightly in January," said Ataman Ozyildirim, Senior Director, Economics, at The Conference Board. "Among the leading indicators, deteriorating manufacturing new orders, consumers' expectations of business conditions, and credit conditions more than offset strengths in labor markets and stock prices to drive the index lower in the month. The contribution of the yield spread component of the LEI also turned negative in the last two months, which is often a signal of recession to come. While the LEI continues to signal recession in the near term, indicators related to the labor market—including employment and personal income—remain robust so far. Nonetheless, The Conference Board still expects high inflation, rising interest rates, and contracting consumer spending to tip the US economy into recession in 2023."

The Conference Board Coincident Economic Index (CEI) for the U.S. increased by 0.2 percent in January 2023 to 109.5 (2016=100), after no change in December. The CEI is now up 0.7 percent over the six-month period between July 2022 and January 2023—close to the 0.6 percent growth it recorded over the previous six months. The CEI's component indicators—payroll employment, personal income less transfer payments, manufacturing trade and sales, and industrial production—are included among the data used to determine recessions in the US. Three of these four CEI components improved in January, with only industrial production being virtually unchanged.

The Conference Board Lagging Economic Index (LAG) for the U.S. increased by 0.2 percent in January 2023 to 118.5

(2016 = 100), following an increase of 0.6 percent in December. The LAG is up 2.8 percent over the six-month period from July 2022 to January 2023, slower than its growth of 4.1 percent over the previous six months.